School of Geology and Geophysics
Gerilyn S. "Lynn" Soreghan

Gerilyn S. "Lynn" Soreghan

G. S. (LYNN) SOREGHAN
Associate Professor

Ph.D., 1992 University of Arizona
B.S., 1986, University of California, Los Angeles

[lsoreg@ou.edu]

Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, and Paleoclimate

Research Interests

I am a field-based geologist interested in reading Earth history from the sedimentary rock record.  Earth-system interactions have galvanized my interests in paleoclimate, since Earth’s climate is the ‘nexus’ among all Earth systems-- the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and ‘geosphere.’  The theme that permeates my research is the late Paleozoic world of 300 million years ago.  This world archives the global mountain building that culminated in the assembly of the Pangaean supercontinent, and preserves the record of Earth’s last great icehouse and collapse of that icehouse. If we wish to learn about icehouse climate systems and associated glacial-interglacial shifts like those of today, glacially driven sea-level changes, major tectonic disruption, and biotic responses to these varied forcings, no time beats the late Paleozoic.

Examples of Current Research

(Funded primarily by the National Science Foundation and Petroleum Research Fund)

Paleoclimate of Western Pangaea: Loessite Provenance (Loessite)
Which way did the winds blow? Atmospheric circulation in the supercontinent of Pangaea is thought to have been dramatically different from that of today, likely characterized by ‘megamonsoonal’ conditions. We are studying sources of ancient eolian siltstone (loessite) of western North America (western equatorial Pangaea) to reconstruct paleoatmospheric circulation 300 million years ago.  Our approaches include standard petrography as well as whole-rock geochemistry and detrital-zircon age dating (with U Toronto’s Dr. Michael Hamilton); we are also assessing grain-size shifts. We apply these data as proxies for wind directions and strengths, enabling us to gauge evolution of equatorial winds during the onset of the Pangaean megamonsoon. Preliminary data also bear on tectonic reconstructions of the westernmost Pangaean (Ouachita-Marathon) suture, the character and extent of late Paleozoic volcanism, and are helping constrain ages of poorly dated redbeds.

Paleoclimate of Western Pangaea:  Equatorial Ice
How cold were the late Paleozoic tropics? We have uncovered a growing body of geomorphologic and sedimentologic evidence for upland (mountain) glaciation in western equatorial Pangaea—specifically, within large paleo-highlands of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains.  This is the first evidence for Permo-Pennsylvanian glaciation outside of high-latitude Gondwanaland.  The tropical setting poses a conundrum:  were the mountains really that high, or was the global climate somehow cooler? Moreover, part of our evidence is discovery of a glacially carved canyon dating to the late Paleozoic, preserved on the modern Uncompahgre Plateau. The remarkable age of this landscape poses a tectonic paradox: how does one preserve a canyon within an actively eroding uplift? This aspect of our research has drawn us into both the late Paleozoic tectonic history of the Uncompahgre uplift and the Plio-Pleistocene drainage evolution of the nearby Gunnison and Colorado rivers. In addition to standard field studies, we are undertaking drilling and geophysical studies (the latter with OU’s Dr. Roger Young and UA’s Dr. Roy Johnson) aimed at probing the thickness and character of the canyon fill. We are also examining the possibility of near-glacial conditions in other highland-proximal systems of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains.

Climatic-Biotic Links: Dust and Productivity in Pangaea
Was the late Paleozoic a dusty world?  Some have suggested a link between eolian dust and algal productivity in the modern and recent (glacial) oceans.  It’s a fascinating link because it affects carbon cycling and thus atmospheric CO2, a well-established climate forcing. Could such a link have existed in the deep-time past?  We are documenting data that establish the late Paleozoic as a particularly dusty world, curiously devoid of reef-building corals.  Is this coincidence, or causation?  Additionally, we are investigating the possible connections between dust and primary productivity in upper Paleozoic carbonates of the western U.S. The latter is of interest for both the potential effects on the climate system and the repercussions for generation of hydrocarbon source rocks.

Examples of Past Research

Paleoclimate of Western Pangaea:  (Loessite Magnetism)
Research on Quaternary loess of China and elsewhere indicates that rock-magnetic variations through loess-paleosol sequences track changes in terrestrial climate.  I have collaborated with our paleomagnetist (Doug Elmore) to investigate the application of similar methods to Upper Paleozoic loessite sequences in the western U. S.  Our results document the feasibility of employing an integrated sedimentologic-magnetic approach to investigate the evolution of low-latitude paleoclimatic variations associated with Pangean assembly under maximal icehouse (Late Pennsylvanian) to waning icehouse (Early Permian) conditions.

(Algal) Bioherms Western Orogrande Basin (NM)
Algal mounds of this region are high relief (> 100 m), superbly exposed analogs for both domestic (e.g., Permian, Paradox basins) and international (e.g. pre-Caspian basin) hydrocarbon reservoirs.  Study of vertical and lateral facies distributions and mound paleogeography has shed light on ice-driven sea-level changes, tectonic events, and dolomitization associated with icehouse climatic systems.

Paleogeography & Paleotectonics, Orogrande Basin (NM)
The western Orogrande basin is one of the southwestern-most basins of the Ancestral Rocky Mountains, an enigmatic system of intraplate deformation that defies standard plate-tectonic interpretations.  Tectonic models for the late Paleozoic Ancestral Rocky Mountains commonly call for active plate margins in southeastern and/or southwestern North America to explain the diffuse deformation of the western U.S., but the root cause remains a mystery.  A better tectonic understanding of the Orogrande basin will contribute to clarifying the tectonic character of this enigmatic system.

Teaching and Advising

Teaching Philosophy

Effective oral and written communication continues to be a hurdle for most students, so I incorporate practice in these skills in all of my courses. Additionally, I strongly encourage all my senior and graduate thesis advisees to present their work at national meetings and ultimately publish their results in refereed journals.  Preparation of a publishable manuscript is an extremely demanding task that not all students are up to, but achieving publication is rewarding, and the ultimate learning experience.

I also place a strong emphasis on the study of real ‘rock’ data in all class and thesis projects, as the field is the ideal forum for geological education, and the ultimate source of geological ‘truth.’  For my advisees, this means a strong field or core (if subsurface) component to their theses.  Many students will progress to employment that requires geologic interpretation based on remotely sensed images or models of rock data; accordingly, it is imperative for students to have thesis experience with real rock data.

Courses Taught

• Introductory Geology
• Earth History
• Depositional Systems and Stratigraphy
• Earth’s Past Climate (taught with Dr. Postawko)
• Advanced Stratigraphic Concepts
•“Soft-Rock” Seminars (various topics)
• Field Course in Paleozoic Carbonates

Student Advising

Recent and current graduate students and thesis topics:
• Dustin Sweet, Ph.D. [in progress], "Glaciation in Equatorial Pangaea: Testing the Hypothesis in the Pennsylvanian-Permian Fountain Formation (Colorado),"
• Sohini Sur, Ph.D. [in progress] “Investigating links among late Paleozoic climate, eolian silt and source-rock generation”
• Kate Moore, M.S. [in progress] "Late Paleozoic stratigraphic and structural relationships in the proximal Cutler Formation, Paradox Basin, Colorado"
• Sara Kaplan, M.S. student, 2006, “Revealing Unaweep Canyon: The late Cenozoic exhumation history of Unaweep Canyon as recorded by gravels in Gateway, Colorado”
• Sabata Pereira, M.S. student, 2005 “Variations in detrital flux recorded in upper Pennsylvanian mounds of Horsehoe Atoll, Texas”
• Katherine Hartig, M.S. Thesis, 2003, “Origin of dolomite in loessitic paleosols of the lower Permian Abo-Tubb unit, northeastern New Mexico”
• Andrew Moses, M.S. Thesis, 2003, “Loessitic origin, provenance and paleoclimatic significance of siltstone within the Pennsylvanian-Permian Earp Formation and equivalents, Arizona”
• Shane Seals, M.S. Thesis 2002, “Siliciclastic facies, paleodispersal, sequence stratigraphy, and thickness trends in the late Pennsylvanian western Orogrande basin (New Mexico): implications for basin paleogeography and subsidence”
• Kristy Tramp, M.S. Thesis 2000, “Integrated sedimentologic, geochemical and rock magnetic data as a high resolution record of pedogenesis in the Pennsylvanian Maroon Formation loessite (Colorado)”
• Patrick Doherty, M.S. Thesis, 2000, “Characterization of an exhumed reservoir: a composite phylloid algal mound of the western Orogande basin, New Mexico”
• Jennifer Kessler, M.S. Thesis 1999, “Depositional and pedogenic evidence for early to middle Pennsylvanian aridity in western equatorial Pangea”

I have also supervised several undergraduates on senior thesis projects (Kristen Marra, Ngoc Hoang, Kerry Moreland, Cory Beck, Shane Seals, Roger Furley).

Special Note to Prospective Graduate Students
I am particularly interested in students who enjoy fieldwork as well as laboratory analyses.  Most of my field sites center on the late Paleozoic record of western North America, and selected other regions.  If you are interested in field-based soft-rock studies aimed at addressing questions about paleoclimate or paleotectonics, please contact me!  Be aware… I have high expectations—of hard work, a passion for the science, and a willingness and ability to publish your thesis results. To date, all of my students have progressed on to either lucrative employment in the petroleum industry (a top employer here), or financially impoverished but intellectually stimulating advanced graduate studies.

Selected Publications

Reprints available upon request.

Montanez, I.P. and Soreghan, G.S., 2006, Earth's fickle climate: Lessons learned from deep-time ice ages: Geotimes, v. 51, p. 24-27.

Soreghan, G.S., 2005, Lessons from Earth's deep time: The Chronicle of Higher Education: v. Section B, p. B10 [July 15, 2005].

Soreghan, G.S., 2004, Déjá-vu all over again: Deep-time (climate) is here to stay: Palaios, v. 19, p. 1-2.

Tramp, K.L., Soreghan, G.S., and Elmore, R.D., 2004, Paleoclimatic inferences from paleopedology and magnetism of the Permian Maroon Formation loessite (Colorado, USA): Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 116, p.671-686.

Soreghan, G.S., and Soreghan, M.J., 2003, A reservoir characterization case study for sedimentary geology: Journal of Geoscience Education: v. 51, p. 177-184.

Soreghan, G.S., Elmore, R.D., and Lewchuk, M.T., 2002, Sedimentologic-magnetic record of western Pangean climate in upper Paleozoic loessite (lower Cutler beds, Utah): Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 114, p. 1019-1035.

Soreghan, G.S., and Soreghan, M.J., 2002, Atmospheric dust and algal dominance in the late Paleozoic: A hypothesis: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 72, p. 457-461.

Soreghan, M.J., Soreghan, G.S., and Hamilton, M.A., 2002, Paleowinds inferred from detrital-zircon geochronology of upper Paleozoic loessite, western equatorial Pangea: Geology, v. 30, p. 695-698.

Doherty, P.D., Soreghan, G.S., and Castagna, J.P., 2002, Outcrop-based reservoir characterization: A composie phylloid-algal mound, western Orogrande basin (New Mexico): American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 86, p. 779-795.

Seals, S.C., Soreghan, G.S., and Elmore, R.D., 2002, Fluctuations in Late Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) seawater chemistry inferred from submarine cements of phylloid algal mounds, western Orogrande basin (New Mexico):  New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 53rd Field Conference, Geology of White Sands, p. 167-177.

Kessler, J.L.P., Soreghan, G.S., and Wacker, H.J., 2001, Equatorial aridity in western Pangea: Lower Permian loessite and dolomitic paleosols in northeastern New Mexico: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 71, p. 818-833.

Cogoini, M., Elmore, R.D., Soreghan, G.S., and Lewchuk, M., 2001, Contrasting rock-magnetic characteristics of two upper Paleozoic loessite/paleosol profiles: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, v. 26, p. 905-910.

Soreghan, G.S., Engel, M.H., Furley, R. A., and Giles, K.A., 2000, Glacioeustatic transgressive reflux: Stratiform dolomite in Pennsylvanian bioherms of the western Orogrande basin, New Mexico:Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 70, p. 1315-1332.

Soreghan, G.S., and Giles, K.A., 1999, Facies character and stratal responses to accommodation in Pennsylvanian bioherms, western Orogrande basin, New Mexico: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 69, p. 893-908.

Soreghan, G.S., and Giles, K.A., 1999, Amplitudes of Late Pennsylvanian glacioeustasy: Geology, v. 27, p. 255-258.

Soreghan, G.S., and Soreghan, M.J., 1999, A multi-week basin analysis lab for sedimentary geology: Journal of Geoscience Education, v. 47, p. 59-66.

Soreghan, G. S., Elmore, R. D., Katz, B., Cogoini, M., and Banerjee, S., 1997, Pedogenically enhanced magnetic susceptibility variations preserved in Paleozoic loessite: Geology, v. 25, p. 1003-1006.

Soreghan, G. S., 1997, Walther's Law, climate change, and upper Paleozoic cyclostratigraphy in the Ancestral Rocky Mountains: Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 67, p. 1001-1004.

Soreghan, G.S., and Dickinson, W.R., 1994, Generic types of stratigraphic cycles controlled by eustasy: Geology, v. 22, p. 759-761.

Soreghan, G.S., 1994, Stratigraphic responses to geologic processes: Late Pennsylvanian eustasy and tectonics in the Pedregosa and Orogrande basins: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 106, p. 1195-1211.

Soreghan, G.S., 1994, The impact of glacioclimatic change on Pennsylvanian cyclostratigraphy, in, Embry, A.F., Beauchamp, B., and Glass, D.J., eds., Pangea--Global environments and resources: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 17, p. 523-543.

Soreghan, G.S., 1992, Preservation and paleoclimatic significance of eolian dust in the Ancestral Rocky Mountains province: Geology, v. 20, p. 1111-1114.

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